Public Health and Safety International Journal

Environmentally Conscious Development, Clean And Healthy Living: A Global Perspective Towards A Healthy And Sustainable Society

Levi Anatolia S.M. Exposto — 2026-04-30

Environmentally sound development is a global paradigm that places environmental quality as a primary determinant of human health and long-term development sustainability. In the context of increasing anthropogenic pressure on the global ecosystem, the integration of environmental and health dimensions is becoming increasingly essential in the formulation of development policies. This article aims to conduct a comprehensive review of the concept, theoretical basis, implementation strategies, and various challenges in implementing environmentally sound development on a global scale, including its implications for public health and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals ( SDGs ). The method used is a semi-systematic literature review with a qualitative-descriptive approach, which analyzes indexed international scientific publications, global organization reports, and policy documents published between 2015 and 2025. The results of the study indicate that an environmentally based development approach contributes significantly to improving ecosystem quality and reducing the burden of disease related to environmental factors, with estimated reductions in morbidity ranging from 30% to 55% in various global intervention contexts. The successful implementation of this approach is heavily influenced by several key factors, namely the integration of environmental health monitoring systems, strengthening cross-sectoral governance, utilizing technological innovation, and active community involvement. Thus, development based on a clean and healthy environment can be seen as a fundamental prerequisite for achieving sustainable global development, while ensuring the health of current and future generations.

Determinasi Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) pada Persalinan Normal: Studi Simulasi Berbasis Data Sintetis

Dito Anurogo — 2026-04-15

Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) dilaporkan berasosiasi dengan penurunan kematian neonatal hingga 22% dan dipandang sebagai pintu masuk bagi keberhasilan ASI eksklusif. Cakupan IMD nasional 58,2% masih di bawah target Renstra 66%. Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan IMD pada ibu bersalin normal dan menguji peran pengetahuan ibu sebagai mediator pada hubungan dukungan petugas kesehatan dengan keberhasilan IMD. Metode: Studi simulasi berbasis data sintetis yang membangkitkan 150 observasi ibu bersalin normal menggunakan distribusi parameter yang dikalibrasi dari literatur SDKI 2022 dan studi-studi cross-sectional terdahulu di Indonesia. Pembangkitan data dilakukan dengan R versi 4.3.1 (paket simstudy dan MASS), benih acak (random seed) ditetapkan untuk reproduksibilitas. Analisis meliputi chi-square, regresi logistik ganda dengan pemeriksaan multikolinearitas (VIF), dan uji mediasi bootstrap 5.000 sampel. Hasil: Keberhasilan IMD 61,3% (n=92). Faktor dominan: pengetahuan ibu (aOR=5,84; 95% CI: 2,28–14,95; p<0,001), dukungan petugas kesehatan (aOR=3,42; p=0,002), dukungan keluarga (aOR=2,89; p=0,008), pendidikan SMA ke atas (aOR=2,15; p=0,044), dan paritas multipara (aOR=1,98; p=0,047). Pengetahuan ibu memediasi 30,1% pengaruh dukungan petugas terhadap keberhasilan IMD. Simpulan: Dalam skenario simulasi, pengetahuan ibu muncul sebagai determinan utama sekaligus jalur mediasi penting. Kerangka analisis ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar perencanaan studi empiris lanjutan dan perhitungan kekuatan statistik untuk evaluasi program edukasi prenatal terpadu di fasilitas kesehatan primer.

The Effectiveness of Community-Based Health Promotion Strategies in Improving Healthy Living Behaviors; SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Daniela Rolandia Maria Umbelina Fernandes — 2026-04-30

This study aims to know The Effectiveness of Community-Based Health Promotion Strategies in Improving Healthy Living Behaviors. The research method used a systematic review literature approach by analyzing scientific articles published in the 2021-2025 period. Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Health promotion effectively improves Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) by increasing knowledge, awareness, and healthy daily practices at individual and household levels. Social media and community-based interventions, supported by advocacy and empowerment, enhance behavior change and participation. However, challenges such as misinformation, limited participation, and digital inequality reduce effectiveness. Complex behaviors require multi-level structural and system support. Therefore, sustainable and integrated health promotion programs are essential for long-term behavioral change and improved public health outcomes. Conclued that Health promotion is effective in improving healthy living by increasing knowledge and encouraging healthy daily behaviors at individual and household levels. Social media and community-based approaches, supported by advocacy and diverse communication tools, enhance behavior change and community participation.

Implementation of Passive Range of Motion (ROM) Exercises to Improve Muscle Strength in Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients in the MTSK Ward of BLUD RSUD Baubau City

Sri Resky Mustafa — 2026-04-30

Non-hemorrhagic stroke is a condition characterized by the loss of neurological function due to impaired blood flow to the brain, which results in muscle weakness and impaired physical mobility. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of passive Range of Motion (ROM) exercises in improving muscle strength in patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke. The study used a descriptive case study design involving one adult patient experiencing impaired physical mobility. The intervention consisted of passive ROM exercises administered for five consecutive days. The theoretical approach applied includes physical rehabilitation theory and the concept of basic human needs, with inputs consisting of the patient’s clinical condition and pre-intervention muscle strength values. Data were collected through observation and measurement using a muscle strength scale. The results showed an increase in muscle strength of the right upper extremity from grade 1 to 5, and the right lower extremity from grade 1 to 5 after the intervention. The hypothesis that passive ROM exercises can improve muscle strength was supported. It is concluded that passive ROM exercises are effective in increasing muscle strength in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. Nurses are recommended to implement this intervention as part of nursing care. These findings are important as a basis for simple and effective interventions to improve the quality of life of stroke patients.

Gambaran Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Masyarakat Daerah Rawan Banjir Desa Bejalen Kabupaten Semarang

Al mayda Saviola — 2026-04-30

Latar belakang: Bencana dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu peristiwa atau rangkaian peristiwa yang mengancam dan mengganggu kehidupan masyarakat. Bencana banjir adalah salah satu contohnya. Menurut (BPBD) Badan Penangulangan Bencana Daerah pada tahun 2024, banjir terjadi di Kecamatan Ambarawa, Kabupaten Semarang, terutama di Desa Bejalen, yang merupakan salah satu kelurahan yang mengalami banjir paling sering. Dampak psikologis banjir termasuk gangguan kecemasan, yang merupakan reaksi normal terhadap keadaan. Tujuan: Penelitian untuk megetahui gambaran tigkat kecemasan masyarakat di daerah rawan bencana banjir Desa Bejalen Kabupaten Semarang. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif digunakan. Penelitian ini melibatkan penduduk RT 07 dan RT 10 yang tinggal di daerah Desa Bejalen yang rentan terhadap banjir. Jumlah sampel yang diambil melalui metode purposive sampling adalah 85 orang yang menjawab. Instrument yang di gunakan adalah kuisioner HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale), Analisa data menggunakan analisis univariat. Hasil: Penelitian di dapatkan hasil kecemasan ringan adalah 45 orang atau 52,9%, kecemasan sedang adalah 26 orang atau 30,6%, tidak ada kecemasan adalah 10 orang atau 11,8%, dan kecemasan berat adalah 4 orang atau 4,7%. Kesimpulan: Di daerah rawan banjir Desa Bejalen Kabupaten Semarang, tingkat kecemasan sebanyak 45 orang mengalami tingkat kecemasan ringan.

Effectiveness Health education based on Behavioral theory of change Public health behavior: Sistematic Literature Review

Eliseba Borges Ximenes — 2026-04-30

Introduction : A strategic initiative to enhance the attainment of optimal health status is improving public health behavior. Research shows that health education initiatives can increase self-efficacy and community preparedness for disasters, both of which are critical to encouraging lasting behavior change. Public health education is not only information, but also a systematic effort to change individual and community attitudes and behaviors to promote and prevent health systems at the national and global levels. Objective : Of this study to analyze how health education based on behavioral theory can alter public health behavior. Metodu: Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, utilizing PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Data were obtained from three scientific databases : Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, from 2021-2026 total 50 articles. Results : Educational interventions based on the behavioral theories of Health Belief Model (HBM), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and Behavior Regulation Theory (BRT) are important public health strategies to change population behavior. Education not only enhances knowledge, but also influences psychosocial constructs such as attitude, self-efficacy, and risk perception, which play a major role in determining health behavior. However, evidence also shows that education alone is not sufficient, as social and environmental barriers such as lack of time, routine, and social support continue to be major obstacles. Conclusion : Theory-based education is effective in initiating behavior change, but to achieve lasting population impact, an integrated approach that considers individual, social, and environmental factors is needed.

Evaluasi Waktu Tunggu Pelayanan Resep Pasien Rawat Jalan Di Salah Satu Klinik Kabupaten Bandung

Mamay Maulana Sobandi — 2026-04-25

Waktu tunggu pelayanan resep merupakan salah satu indikator penting dalam menilai mutu pelayanan kefarmasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan waktu tunggu pelayanan resep pasien rawat jalan berdasarkan jenis resep dan waktu pelayanan (shift), serta kesesuaiannya dengan standar pelayanan di salah satu Klinik di Kabupaten Bandung.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif observasional dengan teknik pengamatan langsung dan pencatatan waktu tunggu pelayanan resep pada bulan Agustus–Oktober 2025. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 278 resep, terdiri atas 232 resep non-racikan (83,4%) dan 46 resep racikan (16,6%), yang diamati pada shift pagi dan shift siang. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan dibandingkan dengan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 129/Menkes/SK/II/2008 serta Permenkes RI No. 72 Tahun 2016.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada shift pagi, rata-rata waktu tunggu resep racikan 17,7 menit dan non-racikan 10,4 menit, sedangkan pada shift siang waktu tunggu meningkat menjadi 24,7 menit untuk racikan dan 12,1 menit untuk non-racikan. Waktu tunggu resep racikan lebih lama dibandingkan non-racikan, namun seluruh hasil masih memenuhi standar pelayanan minimal. Selain itu, seluruh pelayanan resep 100% telah memenuhi standar pelayanan kefarmasian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan resep di salah satu Klinik di Kabupaten Bandung telah memenuhi standar mutu pelayanan kefarmasian berdasarkan ketentuan yang berlaku.

Analysis of Disease Prevention Behavior Based on Health Belief Model (HBM)

Muhamad Rizal — 2026-04-26

Disease prevention behavior is an essential component of public health promotion, yet its psychological determinants require further exploration in the post-COVID-19 Malaysian context. This study analyzes factors influencing disease prevention behavior using the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework. A quantitative cross-sectional approach was applied to 320 respondents from Malaysian urban communities through purposive sampling. Analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS (SmartPLS 4.0) with 5,000 bootstrapping subsamples. Results demonstrate that self-efficacy (β=0.358, p<0.001), perceived benefits (β=0.319, p<0.001), perceived susceptibility (β=0.287, p<0.01), perceived severity (β=0.241, p<0.01), and perceived barriers (β=-0.196, p<0.05) significantly influence disease prevention behavior. Cues to action moderated the perceived susceptibility–prevention behavior relationship (β=0.143, p<0.05). The model explained 61.7% of variance (R²=0.617, Q²=0.389). Findings support individually-tailored health promotion interventions and community self-efficacy strengthening.

The Impact of Consumption of Protein and Carbohydrate Sources on Stunting in Toddlers 24-59 months at Gleno Inpatient Health Center, Ermera Municipality, Timor-Leste

Jerminal Magno — 2026-04-11

Stunting is a serious condition that affects children and significantly hinders their growth and development. Globally, at least 162 million children under the age of five are affected by stunting. A study conducted between 2020 and 2024 involved 177 children aged 24 to 59 months, including 85 boys and 92 girls. The study aimed to investigate the impact of protein and carbohydrate intake on stunting in toddlers within this age range.

This research utilized a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The target population consisted of mothers who brought their children to the Gleno Inpatient Community Health Center, resulting in 177 respondents. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test, with support from SPSS software (Version 21.0).

The results of the chi-square test indicated a significant relationship between protein intake and the incidence of stunting, with a p-value of 0.05, which is greater than 0.01. Similarly, the analysis of carbohydrate intake also yielded a p-value of 0.05, suggesting a significant relationship between carbohydrate consumption and the incidence of stunting.

In conclusion, the findings suggest that protein and carbohydrate consumption negatively impact stunted children aged 24 to 59 months at the Gleno Inpatient Health Center in 2024, with an effect size of 6.3%. This implies that while nutritional intake appears to be satisfactory, the implementation of interventions to address stunting is not optimal.