Literature Review: Inkontinensia Urin di Indonesia: Patofisiologi, Diagnosis, dan Penatalaksanaan Terkini
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55642/phasij.v5i01.1082Keywords:
Inkontinensia urin, stress incontinence, urgency incontinence, mixed incontinence, urodinamikAbstract
Inkontinensia urin merupakan kelainan yang ditandai dengan keluarnya urin secara involunter yang mempengaruhi 51% wanita di seluruh dunia. Prevalensi meningkat seiring usia, dari 13% pada wanita muda hingga 75% pada wanita tua. Di Indonesia, prevalensi inkontinensia urin mencapai 13% dari 2765 responden, dengan stress inkontinensia urin (4,0%), inkontinensia urgensi (4,1%), dan mixed inkontinensia urin (1,6%) sebagai tipe utama. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk memahami patofisiologi, klasifikasi, diagnosis, dan penatalaksanaan inkontinensia urin berdasarkan literatur terkini. Studi kepustakaan dengan menganalisis berbagai referensi mengenai anatomi kandung kemih, fisiologi normal berkemih, dan berbagai tipe inkontinensia urin dari database PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang waktu 2014-2024. Inkontinensia urin diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga tipe utama: stress incontinence, urgency incontinence, dan mixed incontinence. Patofisiologi melibatkan gangguan pada otot detrusor, sphincter uretra, dan sistem saraf. Diagnosis ditegakkan melalui anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang seperti urodinamik. Terapi bervariasi mulai dari modifikasi gaya hidup, terapi farmakologis, hingga intervensi bedah sesuai dengan tipe inkontinensia. Inkontinensia urin bukan merupakan proses penuaan normal namun kondisi medis yang dapat ditangani. Kemajuan dalam diagnosis dan terapi memberikan harapan bagi penderita untuk mengembalikan kualitas hidup normal.
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