Hubungan Antara Pola Kuman dengan Mortalitas pada Pasien Pneumonia di IPI RS. HAM Medan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55642/phasij.v5i01.990Keywords:
pneumonia, antibiotic resistance, bacterial patterns, mortality, hospitalAbstract
Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, partIPIlarly in hospital settings. Identifying bacterial patterns and antibiotic resistance is essential to determine appropriate therapy and reduce mortality rates. This study aimed to examine the association between bacterial patterns, antibiotic resistance, and mortality in pneumonia patients. A retrospective design was used by analyzing medical record data of pneumonia patients treated in 2022. A total of 66 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Data included sputum culture results, antibiotic resistance profiles, and patient mortality status. The results showed that the most commonly found bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.8%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (25.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.7%). The highest resistance rates were observed for meropenem (31.8%) and levofloxacin (28.8%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between antibiotic resistance and patient mortality (p = 0.017). However, no significant association was found between the type of causative bacteria and mortality (p = 0.414). These findings indicate that antibiotic resistance plays a major role in clinical outcomes of pneumonia patients. Therefore, regular monitoring of bacterial and resistance patterns and the implementation of rational antibiotic use policies are essential to reduce pneumonia-related mortality in hospitals.
References
Adrie, Christophe, Maité Garrouste-Orgeas, Wafa Ibn Essaied, Carole Schwebel, Michael Darmon, Bruno Mourvillier, Stéphane Ruckly, Anne-Sylvie Dumenil, Hatem Kallel, and Laurent Argaud. 2017. “Attributable Mortality of ICU-Acquired Bloodstream Infections: Impact of the Source, Causative Micro-Organism, Resistance Profile and Antimicrobial Therapy.” Journal of Infection 74(2):131–41.
Barbier, François, Sébastien Bailly, Carole Schwebel, Laurent Papazian, Élie Azoulay, Hatem Kallel, Shidasp Siami, Laurent Argaud, Guillaume Marcotte, and Benoît Misset. 2018. “Correction to: Infection-Related Ventilator-Associated Complications in ICU Patients Colonised with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae.” Intensive Care Medicine 44:1200–1202.
Hariyanto, Hori, Corry Quando Yahya, Cucunawangsih Cucunawangsih, and Cecilia Lenny Pravita Pertiwi. 2022. “Antimicrobial Resistance and Mortality.” African Journal of Infectious Diseases 16(2):13.
Jannah, Miftahul, Asnawi Abdullah, Melania Hidayat, and Qatratul Asrar. 2020. “Analisis Faktor Risiko Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Balita Di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Banda Raya Kota Banda Aceh Tahun 2019.” Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Aceh 6(1):20–28.
Noer, Siti Fauziah. 2012. “Pola Kuman Dan Resistensinya Terhadap Antibiotik Yang Ditemukan Pada Air Dan Udara Ruang Instalasi Rawat Khusus RSUP Dr.” Majalah Farmasi Dan Farmakologi 16(2):73–78.
Paplińska-Goryca, Magdalena, Renata Rubinsztajn, Patrycja Nejman-Gryz, Tadeusz Przybyłowski, Rafał Krenke, and Ryszarda Chazan. 2017. “The Association between Serological Features of Chronic Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infection and Markers of Systemic Inflammation and Nutrition in COPD Patients.” Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 77(8):644–50.
Pesci, Alberto, M. Majori, and A. Caminati. 2004. “Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Intensive Care Units.” Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 61(1):39–43.
Radji, Maksum, Siti Fauziah, and Nurgani Aribinuko. 2011. “Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens in the Intensive Care Unit of Fatmawati Hospital, Indonesia.” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 1(1):39–42.
Ren, Yinlong, Luming Zhang, Fengshuo Xu, Didi Han, Shuai Zheng, Feng Zhang, Longzhu Li, Zichen Wang, Jun Lyu, and Haiyan Yin. 2022. “Risk Factor Analysis and Nomogram for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in ICU Patients with Sepsis and Lung Infection.” BMC Pulmonary Medicine 22:1–11.
Samahita, Ghazi Wira. 2021. “Hubungan Mortalitas Acinetobacter Baumanii CRAB Dan CSAB Pada Pasien Pneumonia Di ICU RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Tahun 2018-2019.”
Sturdy, A., M. Basarab, M. Cotter, K. Hager, D. Shakespeare, N. Shah, P. Randall, D. Spray, and A. Arnold. 2020. “Severe COVID-19 and Healthcare-Associated Infections on the ICU: Time to Remember the Basics?” The Journal of Hospital Infection 105(4):593.
Taslim, Emilzon, and Tinni T. Maskoen. 2017. “Pola Kuman Terbanyak Sebagai Agen Penyebab Infeksi Di Intensive Care Unit Pada Beberapa Rumah Sakit Di Indonesia.” Majalah Anestesia Dan Critical Care 34(1):56–62.
Yang, Si, Zheng Wang, Zhida Liu, Jinlai Wang, and Lijun Ma. 2016. “Association between Time of Discharge from ICU and Hospital Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Critical Care 20:1–15.
Zawada, T., J. Bartczak, M. Kozak, A. Wieczorek, and P. Garba. 2015. “The Usefulness of Non-Directed Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Diagnosis Pneumonia in ICU.” Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 3:1–2.
Zhang, Yan, Hui Cao, Xiang Gong, Yang Wu, Peng Gu, Linling Kong, Limeng Wu, and Jiali Xing. 2022. “[Retracted] Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Pulmonary Infection in Emergency ICU Patients.” Disease Markers 2022(1):7711724.
Zubairi, Ali Bin Sarwar, Farah Idrees, Kauser Jabeen, Saima Kamal, and Afia Zafar. 2017. “Coinfection with Lichtheimia Corymbifera and Aspergillus Flavus in an Immune-Competent Patient Mimicking as Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome.” Mycopathologia 182:727–31.
