Impact of Social Determinant Factors on Hypertension: Retrospective Analysis

Abstract

The global incidence of hypertension is rising, contributing to the risk of cardiovascular diseases and deaths from various causes. This report highlights the urgent need to address hypertension and its complications, which impact over one billion people worldwide. The study aimed to investigate how social determinants influence the prevalence of hypertension. To prepare this article, a literature review and research study were conducted to collect and analyze data using narrative techniques. The focus was on English-language publications, specifically targeting research papers and reviews accessed through search engines like Google Scholar, BMC, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Emerald Insight, and DOAJ. The study found that individuals with lower socioeconomic status are at a greater risk of developing hypertension. This is largely due to limited access to nutritious food and healthcare services, as well as financial stress. Conversely, those with higher socioeconomic status typically have a lower risk of hypertension, but this risk tends to increase with age, particularly among women. Education significantly impacts health literacy, and older adults with lower levels of education are more vulnerable to hypertension. Online group education programs have the potential to enhance self-care practices among these individuals. Additionally, neighborhood deprivation is a contributing factor to hypertension, highlighting the crucial role socioeconomic factors play in both hypertension and cardiovascular disease. To address this issue, public health strategies should prioritize individual and social interventions, improve neighborhood conditions, ensure access to healthy foods, and enhance housing quality. Expanding primary healthcare services is also vital for better chronic disease management among older adults.