Evaluasi Stabilitas Kapal Pada Variasi Distribusi Muatan Menggunakan Pendekatan Simulasi: Analisis Kurva GZ, Kriteria IMO IS Code 2008, Dan Efek Permukaan Bebas Tangki
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55642/eatij.v6i03.1278Keywords:
stabilitas kapal; kurva GZ; IMO IS Code 2008; efek permukaan bebas; distribusi muatan; simulasi GHS; periode olengAbstract
Distribusi muatan yang tidak tepat merupakan salah satu faktor utama kecelakaan kapal akibat kegagalan stabilitas, dengan data EMSA (European Maritime Safety Agency) menunjukkan 15–20% kecelakaan kapal cargo disebabkan oleh masalah stabilitas operasional. Penelitian ini menyajikan evaluasi komprehensif stabilitas kapal feri penumpang Ro-Pax 4.200 GT pada lima skenario distribusi muatan menggunakan pendekatan simulasi numerik berbasis metode Autoship dan GHS (General HydroStatics). Kebaruan penelitian mencakup: (1) evaluasi simultan delapan kriteria stabilitas IMO IS Code 2008 untuk lima kondisi muatan dalam satu matriks kepatuhan terintegrasi; (2) kuantifikasi efek permukaan bebas tangki (free surface effect, FSE) secara sistematik pada variasi isi tangki 25–100%; (3) simulasi gerak oleng domain waktu menggunakan model redaman linier untuk lima kondisi muatan; dan (4) pengembangan peta sensitivitas GM terhadap variasi KG dan displasemen sebagai alat bantu keputusan pemuatan. Hasil menunjukkan: LC-1 (distribusi seimbang, GM = 1,82 m) memenuhi seluruh delapan kriteria IMO; LC-2 (muatan berat di atas, GM = 0,41 m) gagal lima kriteria termasuk GZ@30° dan area E₀₋₃₀; LC-3 (muatan berat di bawah, GM = 2,95 m) memberikan stabilitas terbaik namun berpotensi menimbulkan periode oleng terlalu pendek (T_roll = 9,7 s, potensi gerakan keras). Analisis FSE mengungkap koreksi GM efektif maksimum 0,72 m pada kondisi tangki 25%, menegaskan pentingnya manajemen tangki dalam pengoperasian kapal.
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