Studi Numerik Distribusi Tegangan Struktur Kapal Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga: Analisis Lima Kondisi Beban Operasional dengan Validasi Teori Balok

Authors

Pricillia Magdalena Tampubolon Universitas Ibnu Sina
Ramdhani Yusli Arbain Sugoro Universitas Ibnu Sina
Agustin Dwi Sumiwi Universitas Ibnu Sina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55642/eatij.v7i03.1283

Keywords:

FEA; tegangan Von Mises; struktur kapal; sagging; hogging; safety factor; BKI

Abstract

Integritas struktural lambung kapal merupakan aspek kritis dalam keselamatan pelayaran dan kepatuhan terhadap regulasi klasifikasi. Penelitian ini menyajikan studi numerik distribusi tegangan struktur kapal feri penumpang 4.200 GT menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga (MEH/FEA) dengan perangkat lunak berbasis Finite Volume Method. Kebaruan penelitian mencakup: (1) analisis sistematik lima kondisi beban kritis — sagging, hogging, beban kombinasi, impak gelombang, dan beban termal — menggunakan satu model elemen hingga yang terunifikasi; (2) validasi ganda terhadap solusi analitik teori balok Euler-Bernoulli dan data eksperimental dari literatur terbuka; dan (3) pemetaan zona kritis berdasarkan rasio tegangan Von Mises terhadap tegangan luluh dengan safety factor sesuai persyaratan BKI. Model terdiri dari 62.400 elemen shell (S4R) dengan refinement di zona kritis (ukuran elemen 200 mm, y+ analog δ = 50 mm). Hasil menunjukkan tegangan Von Mises maksimum 264,2 MPa pada midship zona C untuk kondisi beban kombinasi (LC-3), melebihi 235 MPa (σy Baja A36) dan membutuhkan perhatian desain khusus. Safety factor minimum 0,89 di zona midship mengindikasikan perlunya reinforcement lokal. Deviasi rata-rata terhadap solusi analitik 4,3%, memenuhi kriteria validasi ISSC (< 5%).

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